Search results for "Cell material"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
Energy and environmental assessment of a traction lithium-ion battery pack for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
2019
Abstract Traction batteries are a key factor in the environmental sustainability of electric mobility and, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their environmental performance to allow a comprehensive sustainability assessment of electric mobility. This article presents an environmental assessment of a lithium-ion traction battery for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, characterized by a composite cathode material of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide Li(NixCoyMn1-x-y)O2. Composite cathode material is an emerging technology that promises to combine the merits of several active materials into a hybrid electrode to optimize performance and reduce cost…
Charge measurement of dust particles on photovoltaic module
2013
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are one of the most promising renewable energy sources in the world, and hence it is important to explore the factors that affect the working / operational efficiency of this source. Many factors can affect the efficiency of the solar cells such as: dust accumulation on the surface of the arrays; cell material; shading; tilt angle of the cells; orientation of the PV modules and cell temperatures. This research is focused on the analyzing the effect of charged dust particles on the PV module performance. A number of studies have demonstrated the effect of dust accumulation on the PV modules' performance. But the relation between the amounts of charge of the dust par…
Hybrid-Functional Calculations on the Incorporation of Na and K Impurities into the CuInSe 2 and CuIn 5 Se 8 Solar-Cell Materials
2015
International audience; We have studied the energetics, atomic, and electronic structure of Na and K point defects, as well as the (Na-Na), (K-K), and (Na-K) dumbbells in CuInSe2 and CuIn5Se8 solar cell materials by hybrid functional calculations. We found that although Na and K behaves somewhat similar; there is a qualitative difference between the inclusion of Na and K impurities. Namely, Na will be mostly incorporated into CuInSe2 and CuIn5Se8 either as an interstitial defect coordinated by cations, or two Na impurities will form (Na-Na) dumbbells in the Cu sublattice. In contrast to Na, K impurities are less likely to form interstitial defects. Instead, it is more preferable to accommod…